Not for Planet Earth: Astro-Video Systems DSO-1 camera

The Astro-Video Systems DSO-1 camera is sensitive and versatile, capable of imaging the Moon and 

planets one minute and deep-sky objects the next. It is also small and light, weighing just 140g, so it 

will not overtax even the smallest telescope mount. The DSO-1 is shown with the optional 1.25-inch 

focuser adaptor attached and a coin for scale. AN image by Ade Ashford.

When attending a star party, the increasingly well-informed public holds high expectations of seeing brightly coloured nebulae and galaxies as depicted on television science programmes or in astronomy magazines, so the sight of an indistinct, faint grey fuzz viewed with even a large telescope often fails to impress. “Is that it?” they often say, however much you wax lyrical about the object in question. If only there was a way of displaying colour images of nebulae in real time without resorting to potentially expensive and technically challenging CCD or DSLR imaging setups. Well, actually, there is — and has been for some time. If you can master something as complex as a camcorder, then what may be the answer to you or your astronomical society’s prayers is an integrating video camera, or IVC.

Equipped with a 1.25-inch nosepiece, the AVS DSO-1 camera can be used instead of an eyepiece. AN image by Ade Ashford.

Over a decade has elapsed since the quiet, but steadfast IVC revolution was ignited by the venerable monochrome Mintron and Watec instruments in addition to their rebadged equivalents. I first wrote about them twelve years ago and my video astronomy article appeared in the December 2007 issue of Astronomy Now. While many of the technological advances in the intervening years have been largely incremental — higher-resolution CCDs and greater sensitivity — the burgeoning CCTV and home security market has led to the development of highly sensitive cameras that can show low-light nocturnal scenes in colour, qualities that make them perfectly suitable for astronomical applications. One of the fastest growing and innovative companies in this sector is Florida-based Astro-Video Systems (AVS), the brainchild of astronomer and electronics guru Matt Todor. In common with many of us, Matt lives under heavily light-polluted skies and found the ‘instant gratification’ of astro-video very appealing. His first production model appeared in 2012 and AVS currently offers three lines of high-performance cameras, with more in development. The DSO-1 is a high-gain, low noise and long integration video camera that received a design upgrade in 2015 and is currently on sale for $109 (as of early July 2015). We chose to review the DSO-1 as it is custom modified both in hardware and firmware based on proprietary AVS work.

The 4cm by 4cm rear panel of the AVS DSO-1 camera features the On-Screen Display (OSD) multi-function menu ‘joystick’, the BNC composite video output, a 12V DC power and a hand remote connector (IRIS). The power indicator LED (PL) is thoughtfully red to help preserve dark adaption for those not looking at the computer screen. AN image by Ade Ashford.

Delivery and first impressions
Ordered from the US via the AVS website (www.astro-video.com), the DSO-1 arrived at my UK home just eight days later via $24 USPS Priority mail. The camera is very well made and gives every impression of a quality product throughout. All AVS cameras carry a one year limited parts and labour warranty, plus you can trade in your old model if upgrading. Since I already had a twin BNC video and DC power cable with all the necessary adaptors, I opted for the basic $109 camera body. For a number of complete DSO-1-based packages that include all cables and adaptors that are described in detail on the website, prices range from $179 to $279.
Weighing just 140 grams (5oz) and with overall dimensions of 75mm × 45mm × 42mm, the DSO-1 is light and tiny — so small, in fact, that it could slip inside a two-inch focuser. This is a fact not lost on AVS, who have developed an ingenious adapter called the INFOCUS that makes the camera compatible with virtually all Newtonians/Dobsonians without having to re-engineer the primary cell to move the main mirror forward, as is often the case when using a visual reflector for astrophotography. (Most refractors have sufficient back focus, while catadioptrics — Schmidt– and Maksutov–Cassegrains — offer an almost infinitely variable focal plane.)

The heart of the DSO-1 is a highly sensitive Type 1/3 Sony EXview HAD CCD II sensor measuring 4.9mm x 3.6mm, offering a 976H by 582V pixel matrix (PAL version). Each pixel is 5.0 microns (H) by 6.25 microns (V), comparable in size to those used in DSLR APS-C sensors. AN image by Ade Ashford.

Specification and features
AVS’ comprehensive and well-illustrated 24-page user manual states that at the heart of the DSO-1 is a highly sensitive Type 1/3 Sony EXview HAD CCD II sensor measuring 4.9mm x 3.6mm, offering a 976H by 582V pixel matrix (PAL version). Each pixel is 5.0 microns (H) by 6.25 microns (V), comparable in size to those used in DSLR APS-C sensors. The internal camera processor is a 32-bit ARM-based DSP with 8MB RAM. Shutter speeds from 10 microseconds to 1/50th of a second for lunar and planetary imaging, or internally frame-stacked exposures up to 100 seconds (PAL) for deep-sky viewing are possible. The DSO-1 has no infrared cut filter for the maximum spectral response from 390nm to 1000nm. In common with most IVCs, the camera’s myriad features are configured on-screen via a series of hierarchical menus. These are accessed by pressing the multi-function OSD ‘joystick’ button on the back of the unit, or remotely via a cable or Bluetooth adaptor (available separately). These settings can be saved for future use even when the camera is powered off. While learning how to perform these fingertip set-up functions while watching an adjacent screen or monitor is a quick process, in practice the joystick button is fiddly to operate. Besides, remote control eliminates camera shake during configuration.

A single-shot screen grab of the Whirlpool Galaxy, Messier 51, captured with the DSO-1 at the f/2 Hyperstar focus (560mm focal length) of a Celestron C11 Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. Much fine detail is recorded in the galaxy’s spiral arms. AN image by Ade Ashford.

Deep-sky imaging
One feature that sets this camera apart within its price bracket — and one that I was most eager to test — is its ability to not only automatically stack up to 1,024 fiftieth of a second frames for a total exposure of about 20 seconds (PAL format), but then to automatically stack up to five of these 20-second integrations using a dark frame subtraction process to remove hot pixels and reduce image noise. This is a function called INTMUL, or 3D digital noise reduction. The result is up to a 100-second exposure (PAL format) in full colour with a wide dynamic range.

A single-shot screen grab of the Dumbbell Nebula, Messier 27, captured with the DSO-1 at the f/2 Hyperstar focus (560mm focal length) of a Celestron C11 Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. The red and green hues were obvious on the monitor. AN image by Ade Ashford.

In tests conducted from the heart of a mid-sized town, using the DSO-1 at the f/2 Hyperstar focus of a Celestron 11-inch Schmidt–Cassegrain equipped with an IDAS-LPS-D1 light pollution filter, I was very impressed with the image quality delivered by the camera. At f/2 the Dumbbell Nebula (see image above) was so bright that, while retaining the 3D digital noise reduction to boost final image quality, I had to keep the individual exposure times well below 20 seconds to prevent over-saturation! The on-screen results were high in contrast, full of detail and in vivid colour, just as advertised. Galaxies were also fair game as testified by the image of the Whirlpool, Messier 51, captured using the same set-up.

The front of the DSO-1 camera features a standard C-mount thread, so the 1.25-inch focuser adapter 

can be swapped for, say, a C-mount to Canon EOS adapter if you wish to use DSLR EF-S camera 

lenses. 

AN images by Ade Ashford.

Given that my C11 working at f/2 has a focal length of 560mm, the DSO-1 delivered a half-a-degree field. Users wishing to attempt wide-field imaging have the option of buying a C-mount for a Canon EOS adapter to use, say, DSLR EF-S camera lenses. For example, a 55mm lens would deliver a field of five degrees — the same field of view as a 10 x 50 binocular, but capable of showing far fainter stars and associated nebulosity! I was gratified to see that stars did not exhibit the dark halo artefacts resulting from the internal imaging processing algorithms typical of some IVCs. The base of the DSO-1 has a 1/4-20 mounting block so you can attach it to a standard photographic tripod if you wish. Such a set-up would enable you to capture artificial satellites, iridium flares or meteors.

Output from the DSO-1 can be viewed on a colour television or monitor with RCA phono inputs by using the appropriate adaptors, or one may use a cheap and widely available USB 2.0 video capture device in a PC or laptop to save screenshots or video to disc. AVS sells a wide range of accessories on their website. This image shows a typical setup where the composite video cable from the camera (yellow connectors) terminates in a BNC to RCA adaptor connected to an EasyCap video capture device (the red and white sound channel inputs are not required) in the USB port of an Apple MacBook. The double red connector at the bottom is the power supply to the camera. AN image by Ade Ashford.

After sales and support
AVS director Matt Todor has created a valuable online repository of help and advice through a dedicated Yahoo! Group, which also serves as a vibrant community hub for AVS equipment users. Here you can find product user manuals, software, plus hints and tips galore to get the most out of your camera. It is well worth the free admission.
I only wish that I had more time to explore the lunar and planetary imaging capabilities of this fully-featured camera, but the online user galleries of the AVS Yahoo! Group eloquently testify to the DSO-1’s capabilities in this regard. I for one feel compelled to do far more deep-sky astro-video work thanks to the ease of set-up compared to astro-imaging with a DSLR, plus the ‘instant gratification’ factor of video cannot be underestimated.
Former integrating video camera users will find this camera easy and intuitive to configure and use, but even novices will be up and running in no time thanks to AVS’ excellent documentation. Video output had excellent suppression of internal noise and amp glow given that it was not particularly cold, showing that the impressive 3D digital noise reduction really does work well. The DSO-1 is supplied without filters to ensure maximum sensitivity, so you will need to invest in an infrared cut filter if you intend to use it with most refractors.
Conclusions
The AVS DSO-1 represents excellent value for money — easy to set up, great fun to use and extremely versatile. For the price of a modest eyepiece you can own a device that will show you colour deep sky objects in virtual real time from the comfort of your living room (if you have a sufficiently long cable!) in far more detail than you could possibly see visually with a telescope of twice the aperture. Or you can display the Moon and planets in crisp 700TVL horizontal resolution on a screen to groups of people simultaneously — a boon to astronomical societies or educators. The DSO-1 Video camera has multiple uses bounded only by your imagination and may bring the wow factor back to your public viewing sessions.